四川省二郎山常见被子植物资源和分布特征

二郎山国家森林公园海拔3 437 m.生态环境保护良好,植物种类繁多.为进一步了解二郎山常见被子植物种类,探讨植被的垂直地带性变化和坡向性变化,对二郎山植物进行野外实地调查取样,所采集的200余份标本进行鉴定分析,结果表明,四川二郎山常见被子植物184种,8变种,主要属蔷薇科、菊科、杜鹃花科、毛茛科等科.由于二郎山的特殊地理位置,其常见被子植物具有明显的垂直性变化和坡向性变化.     

康复运动治疗老年慢性心力衰竭患者的有效性和安全性研究

目的:探讨6周康复运动治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者的有效性和安全性。方法:44例老年慢性心力衰竭(心功能NYHAⅡ-Ⅲ)患者随机分为两组,康复组在实施临床医疗措施并同时进行6周康复运动;对照组仅实施临床医疗措施。比较治疗前后及不同两组治疗后的六分钟步行实验距离,完成运动平板所需要的时间和代谢当量,明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量调查表积分,血浆脑钠肽含量以及左室射血分数。结果:经过6周康复运动治疗后康复组心功能分级、六分钟步行实验距离、运动平板时间和运动平板的最大代谢当量(METS)较对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论:6周康复运动治疗显著提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者的运动耐量和生活质量。6周康复运动治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者是有效的和安全的。     

基于CSCD的盐生植物研究文献计量评价

以中国科学引文数据库（CSCD,477篇）为主线,以维普、万方和CNKI数据库（3329篇）为基础数据,采用文献计量分析的方法,对盐生植物研究文献进行统计分析,分别从文献的年代、机构、作者、来源期刊、学科类别、高被引论文和文献的关键词这7个方面,对盐生植物研究文献的分布规律和研究现状进行总体回顾与评价。全面概括、总结和分析该研究领域研究热点、区域、内容、技术和方法,优秀人才、领先机构和主要团队,揭示中国盐生植物研究的进展情况。结果表明：1956年有盐生植物论文发表,2007年文献总量340篇为最高记录;在CSCD,1991年有盐生植物论文发表,至2011年62篇为最高,均呈逐年上升趋势。中国在盐生植物研究方面已经形成了引领该研究方向的4个主要科研团队,分别是山东师范大学、中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所、中国农业大学和南京大学。盐生植物的研究呈现明显的地域相关性,热点地区包括新疆、山东、北京、南京、东北、内蒙古、宁夏、兰州等地。盐生植物研究热点是：耐盐性（耐盐机制）、盐胁迫、盐碱地、基因克隆、土壤盐分、植物生长、开发利用、渗透调节、生理指标、种子萌发、脯氨酸、基因工程（基因表达）和植物群落等。     

转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉对棉田冠层节肢动物群落的影响

【背景】随着转基因抗虫棉在我国的广泛种植,一种具有抗虫和耐除草剂（草甘膦）的双价棉被培育成功。这种转双价基因棉和转单价基因抗虫棉对棉田节肢动物群落结构的影响可能不同。因此,在该类转双价基因棉花进行环境释放之前,有必要研究其对棉田节肢动物群落的影响,评价其环境安全性。【方法】试验于2010年5月9日~9月23日和2011年5月10日~9月24日在河南省安阳市中国农业科学院棉花研究所试验农场进行,棉田类型有3种——转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉田、转Bt棉田和常规棉田,每种棉田种植3个小区,每个小区面积为200 m2（8 m×25 m）。采用对角线5点取样方法,每5 d调查1次棉田的节肢动物群落,通过目测对节肢动物鉴定到属。【结果】抗草甘膦抗虫棉田、Bt棉田和常规棉田节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的结构与组成无明显差异;抗草甘膦抗虫棉田害虫种群数量低于抗虫棉田和常规棉田,而其天敌种群数量与常规棉田相当,略低于Bt棉田;3种棉田节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的多样性指数、均匀性指数均无明显差异。【结论与意义】种植转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉花不会对棉田节肢动物群落组成造成显著影响。本研究为转基因抗草甘膦抗虫棉田的环境安全性评价提供了依据。     

海洋外来物种入侵生态学研究

海洋外来物种入侵已成为最为严重的全球性环境问题之一。海洋生态系统类型多样、环境复杂,其生物入侵的监测、控制与管理难度相对较大。我国对陆地外来生物的入侵已开展了较为深入的研究,但对于海洋外来生物的入侵研究仍处于起步阶段,对其入侵监测、入侵机制、入侵危害的程度以及防治等问题缺乏基础数据。本文在分析国内外海洋外来生物入侵现状的基础上,概述其入侵生态学研究形势及相关成果,包括海洋外来物种的入侵途径、入侵过程、入侵生态效应以及全球变化对入侵的影响等。海洋外来生物的入侵可能对海洋生态系统造成直接或间接的影响,如种间竞争破坏生态环境、与土著种杂交造成遗传污染、病原生物及有毒藻类导致海洋生态灾害加剧等。此外,从政策和法规、入侵风险评估、监测和公共宣传教育、生物信息系统和有效管理机制等方面提出对我国海洋外来物种入侵的防治策略。本研究为我国海洋外来物种的进一步研究提供了参考。     

Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit α Plays a MyD88-Dependent,Central Role in the Gene-Specific Regulation of Endotoxin Tolerance

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Highlights? PP2Ac is constitutively activated and targets MyD88 in LPS-tolerized macrophages ? Constitutively active PP2Ac shifts a proinflammatory MyD88 to its prosurvival mode ? Constitutively active PP2Ac reprograms gene-specific chromatin modification landscape ? Constitutively active PP2Ac broadly defines ET at both signaling and epigenetic levels     

Three‐dimensional neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells with ACM induction in microfibrous matrices in bioreactors

The clinical use of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)‐derived neural cells requires an efficient differentiation process for mass production in a bioreactor. Toward this goal, neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in three‐dimensional (3D) polyethylene terephthalate microfibrous matrices was investigated in this study. To streamline the process and provide a platform for process integration, the neural differentiation of ESCs was induced with astrocyte‐conditioned medium without the formation of embryoid bodies, starting from undifferentiated ESC aggregates expanded in a suspension bioreactor. The 3D neural differentiation was able to generate a complex neural network in the matrices. When compared to 2D differentiation, 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices resulted in a higher percentage of nestin‐positive cells (68% vs. 54%) and upregulated gene expressions of nestin, Nurr1, and tyrosine hydroxylase. High purity of neural differentiation in 3D microfibrous matrix was also demonstrated in a spinner bioreactor with 74% nestin + cells. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a scalable process based on 3D differentiation in microfibrous matrices for the production of ESC‐derived neural cells. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1013–1022, 2013     

The central role of selenium in the biochemistry and ecology of the harmful pelagophyte,Aureococcus anophagefferens

The trace element selenium (Se) is required for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, but its role in the ecology of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is unknown. Here, we examined the role of Se in the biology and ecology of the harmful pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens, through cell culture, genomic analyses, and ecosystem studies. This organism has the largest and the most diverse selenoproteome identified to date that consists of at least 59 selenoproteins, including known eukaryotic selenoproteins, selenoproteins previously only detected in bacteria, and novel selenoproteins. The A. anophagefferens selenoproteome was dominated by the thioredoxin fold proteins and oxidoreductase functions were assigned to the majority of detected selenoproteins. Insertion of Sec in these proteins was supported by a unique Sec insertion sequence. Se was required for the growth of A. anophagefferens as cultures grew maximally at nanomolar Se concentrations. In a coastal ecosystem, dissolved Se concentrations were elevated before and after A. anophagefferens blooms, but were reduced by >95% during the peak of blooms to 0.05 nℳ. Consistent with this pattern, enrichment of seawater with selenite before and after a bloom did not affect the growth of A. anophagefferens, but enrichment during the peak of the bloom significantly increased population growth rates. These findings demonstrate that Se inventories, which can be anthropogenically enriched, can support proliferation of HABs, such as A. anophagefferens through its synthesis of a large arsenal of Se-dependent oxidoreductases that fine-tune cellular redox homeostasis.